تعلم قواعد اللغة الانجليزية بسرعة, في درس اليوم سوف ندرس Vertical bar الشريط العمودي مع الصوت, سوف تتعلم Vertical bar الشريط العمودي بدون أية صعوبة وسوف تجد نفسك بعد هذا الكورس في اللغة الانجليزية متقنا لأهم قواعد Vertical bar الشريط العمودي كما أنك سوف تكون قادرا على تذكر جميع تفاصيل هذا الدرس لسهولته وبساطته. تعلم, تعليم, أتعلم, نتعلم, اللغة الانجليزية للأطفال والكبار. كورسات, كورس و بودكاست الانجليزية, صوتي مسموع, فيديو, الانترنت, اللغة, لغوية, مدرسة, معلم, يعلم, أريد تعلم الإنجليزية, رائعة, مجاني, سريع, موقف, مواقف, الحروف الإنجليزية, صور تعلم, الأبجدية الانجليزية, أغاني تعلم, ما هو معنى الكلمة الإنجليزية, learn English software, learn English quickly, learn English words, learn speak English, learn the English language, learn to speak English online, learning English in USA, English language immersion, English phrases, English tuition, English conversation, English training
The vertical bar (|) is a character with various uses in mathematics, where it can be used to represent absolute value, among others; in computing and programming and in general typography, as a divider not unlike the interpunct. It may be called by various other names including the polon, pipe (by the Unix community, referring to the I/O pipeline construct), Sheffer stroke (by computer or mathematic logicians), verti-bar, vbar, stick, vertical line, vertical slash, or bar, think colon, poley, or divider line.
Usage
Mathematics
The vertical bar is used as a mathematical symbol in
absolute value: |x|, read "the absolute value of x".
norms: \|(x_1,x_2)\|, read "the norm of x sub one, x sub two"; though Unicode also provides a special double vertical line symbol U+2016: ‖x‖
Parallelism in geometry, where AB \parallel CD indicates that the line AB is parallel to the line CD.
set-builder notation: \{x|x<2\}, read "the set of x such that x is less than two". Often a colon ':' is used instead of a vertical bar. cardinality: |S|, read "the cardinality of the set S". conditional probability: P(X|Y), read "the probability of X given Y". divisibility: a | b, read "a divides b", though Unicode also provides special ‘divides’ and ‘does not divide’ symbols (U+2223 and U+2224: ∣, ∤) the Sheffer stroke in logic: a|b, read "a nand b". evaluate: a+3|a=4, read "a plus 3 evaluated for when a equals 4", or 4+3=7. distance: distance p|ab notes the shortest distance between dot p to line ab, so p|ab is perpendicular to line ab. evaluate (subscript notation): f(x)|_{x=4}, read "f of x evaluated at x equals 4" (see subscripts at Wikibooks) restriction: f|_{A}: A \to F denotes a restriction of function f where it is defined over a domain which is a superset of A. Sometimes a vertical bar following a function, with sub- and super-script limits 'a' and 'b' is used when evaluating definite integrals to mean 'f(x) from a to b', or 'f(b)-f(a)'. Physics The vertical bar is used in bra-ket notation in quantum physics. Examples: |\psi\rangle — The quantum mechanical state "\psi". \langle\psi| — The dual state corresponding to the state above. \langle\psi|\rho\rangle — The inner product of states \psi and \rho. Computing Pipe Main article: Pipeline (Unix) A pipe is an inter-process communication mechanism originating in Unix which allows the output (standard out and, optionally, standard error) of one process to be used as input (standard in) to another. In this way, a series of commands can be "piped" together, giving users the ability to quickly perform complex multi-stage processing from the command line or as part of a Unix shell script ("batch file"). In most Unix shells (command interpreters), this is represented by the vertical bar character. For example: egrep -i 'blair' filename.log | more where the output from the "egrep" process is piped to the "more" process. The same "pipe" feature is also found in later versions of DOS and Microsoft Windows. Disjunction In many programming languages, the vertical bar is used to designate the logic operation or, either bitwise or or logical or. Specifically, in C and other languages following C syntax conventions, such as C++, Perl, Java and C#, (a | b) denotes a bitwise or; whilst a double vertical bar (a || b) denotes a (short-circuited) logical or. In regular expression syntax, the vertical bar again indicates logical or. For example: the Unix command grep -E 'foo|bar' matches lines containing 'foo' or 'bar'. Concatenation In PL/I and certain dialects of SQL, the operator "||" denotes string concatenation. Delimiter Although not as common as commas or tabs, the vertical bar can be used as a delimiter in a flat file. An example of a pipe-delimited standard data format is LEDES 1998B. It is frequently used because vertical bar is typically uncommon in the data itself. Similarly, the vertical bar may see use as a delimiter for regular expression operations (e.g. in sed). This is useful when the regular expression contains instances of the more common forward slash (/) delimiter; using a vertical bar eliminates the need to escape all instances of the forward slash. Backus-Naur form In Backus-Naur form, an expression consists of sequences of symbols and/or sequences separated by '|', indicating a choice, the whole being a possible substitution for the symbol on the left.
Concurrency operator
In calculi of communicating processes (like pi-calculus), the vertical bar is used to indicate that processes execute in parallel.
List comprehensions
Main article: List comprehensions
The vertical bar is used for list comprehensions in some functional languages, e. g. Haskell and Erlang. Compare set-builder notation.
Phonetics and orthography
In the Khoisan languages and the International Phonetic Alphabet, the vertical bar is used to write the dental click (ǀ). A double vertical bar is used to write the alveolar lateral click (ǁ). Since these are technically letters, they have their own Unicode code points in the Latin Extended-B range: U+01C0 for the single bar and U+01C1 for the double bar. Longer single and double vertical bars are used to mark prosodic boundaries in the IPA.
Bibles
In the Geneva Bible and early printings of the King James Version, the double vertical bar is used to indicate that an alternative translation is to be found in the margin. Whenever it is used, the marginal note begins with the conjunction "Or".
In later printings of the King James Version, the double vertical bar may be used to indicate that a comment is to be found in the margin.
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