What is the difference between written and spoken language?
In general spoken language is spontaneous and unplanned, irrevocable and transient (unless tape-recorded). When speaking, the speaker and the listener(s) are both present and the listener responds to and can interrupt the speaker. Part of the message can be conveyed by intonation. Writing on the other hand is often preplanned, it can be revised for content, and checked for grammatical accuracy. It is permanent. Often the writer does not know the reader(s) and receives no feedback. Intonation obviously plays no part.
It is not surprising therefore that considerable differences between the two kinds of language in terms of word choice and word order, grammatical accuracy and complexity. For example, spoken language tends to have more idioms and phrasal verbs than written language (put up with vs. tolerate). There is much more repetition in spoken language, which also abounds with fillers such as you know, I mean etc. Spoken language rarely has long, complex or complete sentences; it consists of strings of short phrases, backtracking and restarting or reformulating.
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