هل تبحث عن موضوع أو مقالة باللغة الانجليزية عن الإصابة وتنقل مرض الإيدز السيدا إيتش اي في عبر ممارسة الجنس , هذه المقالة سوف تفي بالغرض لأنها تحتوي على الكثير من الجمل الانجليزية المفيدة والمعلومات المهمة, إن كنت تحتاج مقالة باللغة الانجليزية فهذه مقالة انجليزية منهجية وصحيحة وكتبها ناطقون أصليون للغة الانجليزية, سوف تستفيد كذلك من قراءة هذا الموضوع في تعلم الكثير من العبارات الانجليزية المفيدة.
The majority of HIV infections are acquired through unprotected sexual relations where one partner has HIV.[2] Worldwide, sexual contact between members of the opposite sex rather than between members of the same sex, result in most cases of transmission.[2] In the United States, as of 2009, most sexual transmission occurred in men who have sex with men[2] with this population account for 64% of all new cases.[33]
In high-income countries, the risk of female-to-male transmission is ~0.04% per act and male-to-female transmission is ~0.08% per act.[34] For various reasons, these rates are four to ten times higher in low-income countries with rates of female-to-male transmission is ~0.38% per act and male-to-female transmission is ~0.30% per act.[34] The risk from anal intercourse is ~1.7% per act[34] and while the risk of transmission from oral sex is less it is still present.[35] Per act risk is estimated at 0-0.04% for receptive oral intercourse.[36] Case reports have documented the acquisition of HIV from receiving oral sex.[37]
Risk increases in the presence of many sexually transmitted infections[38] and genital ulcers.[34] Genital ulcers increase the risk approximately fivefold[34] and there is a lesser increase in risk from STIs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis.[36] Rough sex also appears to increase the risk.[39]
The viral load of an infected person is important both in heterosexual and vertical transmission.[40] During the first 2.5 month of an HIV infection a persons infectiousness is twelvefold higher due to this high viral load.[36] Where the person is in the late stages of infection rates of transmission are approximately eightfold greater.[34]
Commercial sex exposure impact risk with rates of female-to-male transmission of ~2.4% per act and male-to-female transmission is ~0.08% per act.[34] Sexual assault is believed to have an increased risk of HIV transmission as condoms are rarely employed, physical trauma to the vagina or rectum may occurs, and there may be a greater risk of concurrent sexually transmitted infections.[41] The percentage of those who are HIV positive and in jail for sexual assault in the United States is roughly 1%.[42]
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